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The 3rd China Cold Chain Industry Expo (Xinjiang Station) opened in Xinjiang International Convention and Exhibition Center, focusing on full cold chain industrial chain development and cross-border collaboration between China and Central Asia. Serving as a key industry docking platform, the expo connects upstream and downstream cold chain resources. At the event, GREE exhibited its full lineup of energy-saving, efficient and intelligent freezing and refrigeration products and solutions, empowering the upgrading of Xinjiang’s cold chain system and opening new avenues for cross-border cold logistics connectivity with Central Asia.

A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is a core power control device that adopts frequency conversion and microelectronic technology to regulate AC motor operation by adjusting power supply frequency. Its working logic relies on mature AC-DC-AC power conversion and pulse width modulation (PWM) technology, which effectively optimizes the operating mode of traditional refrigeration equipment. As the core intelligent configuration of modern refrigeration systems, it greatly boosts the overall performance of the energy saving cold room refrigeration unit and solves the long-standing pain points of high energy consumption in traditional cold storage operation.

The refrigeration equipment industry is undergoing profound product iteration and structural upgrading. The market now covers a full spectrum of equipment forms, ranging from traditional condensing units, parallel units and large screw units to integrated and split-type intelligent cold room systems. Product categories continue to expand from open-type and box-type structures to customized, standardized and fully configured models, with intelligent variable-frequency equipment gradually becoming mainstream. Such rich product diversification fully meets the evolving demands of modern cold chain construction and drives the comprehensive upgrade of the professional cold room refrigeration unit system.

When AI server clusters suffer frequent throttling caused by overheating, and extra in-row air conditioners fail to contain cabinet heat load, expanding air cooling capacity cannot resolve the root issue — a brand-new thermal management approach is required. Driven by surging computing demand for large model training and AI inference, single rack power density keeps climbing, pushing conventional air cooling to its physical limits.

With the rapid iteration of high-performance AI computing hardware, modern GPU server racks are delivering unprecedented heat density, making traditional air cooling systems increasingly inadequate for large-scale model training and high-load computing scenarios. Liquid cooling has become the most reliable and effective solution to resolve the industry’s thermal density bottleneck. As the core equipment of liquid cooling infrastructure, the professional liquid cooling distribution unit undertakes intelligent heat exchange and fluid distribution tasks, becoming the core foundation of high-efficiency data center cooling.

With the release of national green data center action plans and increasingly strict industry access standards, traditional air cooling solutions have gradually reached performance and energy efficiency limits. Conventional air-cooled facilities can no longer meet stringent PUE requirements, making liquid cooling the only reliable approach for data center compliance, capacity expansion and operational cost reduction. Driven by booming AI computing demand, CPU and GPU power density continues to surge, pushing traditional air cooling close to its physical ceiling and causing frequent chip throttling and unstable full-load operation. Thanks to far higher thermal conductivity than air, cooling liquid delivers vastly superior heat transfer efficiency, laying a solid foundation for the large-scale promotion of the professional data center liquid cooling CDU system.

The Coolant Distribution Unit (CDU) serves as an indispensable core component in modern liquid cooling systems, responsible for evenly distributing coolant throughout the entire cooling loop. It precisely regulates coolant flow rate, temperature and flow velocity, coordinating with water pumps, heat exchangers and intelligent control modules to ensure stable and efficient system operation. In addition to precise thermal management, the CDU filters impurities inside the circulating fluid to prevent pipeline blockage and component damage, maintaining long-term system cleanliness and reliability. For existing facilities not designed for full-scale liquid cooling renovation, air-liquid CDU offers an accessible upgrade path to gain liquid cooling benefits without comprehensive chilled water transformation, making it a highly cost-effective solution for incremental energy-saving upgrades. The widely applicable rack liquid cooling architecture relies heavily on optimized air-liquid CDU configurations to realize flexible cabinet-level thermal management.

A complete cold plate liquid cooling solution for data center servers consists of outdoor cold source, primary loop, CDU (Coolant Distribution Unit), secondary loop and liquid cooling racks. The primary loop carries heat away from CDU to outdoor equipment via cooling water, while the secondary loop transfers rack heat to CDU with coolant. Heat exchange between primary and secondary fluids takes place inside the heat exchanger of CDU, forming a closed and stable heat circulation loop supported by the reliable liquid distribution unit CDU.

Driven by booming AI computing and stricter energy efficiency standards, traditional air cooling can no longer support modern high-density data center thermal management. Air-liquid hybrid cooling combined with intelligent control has become a mainstream solution, featuring flexible air and liquid cooling collocation for core and auxiliary components. It balances heat dissipation performance, renovation cost and operational safety, gradually becoming standard configuration for green computing and ensuring stable operation of the advanced data centre liquid cooling system.

Liquid cooling CDU serves as the thermal core of computing infrastructure, enjoying dual growth dividends from booming AI power demand and tightened PUE supervision. The global market shows an obvious dual competition pattern: Western established manufacturers including Vertiv and Schneider Electric dominate international business, while Chinese local brands such as Envicool and Gaolan develop rapidly amid domestic substitution. This industry report analyzes market scale, competitive landscape, industrial chain and technical trends around systematic data center thermal management.